Behavioural Addiction

Behavioural addiction is a compulsion to engage in a rewarding, non-substance-related activity despite negative consequences. Recognised types include gambling, shopping and internet use, but any behaviour that disrupts daily life, relationships, or responsibilities can qualify. Key parameters include an inability to stop despite the harm it causes, preoccupation with the behaviour and emotional distress when not engaging in it.

Essentially, a behavioural addiction could, theoretically, be anything a person repeatedly does that negatively impacts their life.

Behavioural addictions and substance addictions, while sharing certain similarities, differ significantly in their causes, manifestations and treatment approaches. Both types of addictions involve compulsive engagement in activities despite adverse consequences, but the nature of the activities and the underlying mechanisms set them apart.

Substance addictions are characterised by dependency on drugs or alcohol, where the body and brain become reliant on external substances to function normally. The primary driver is the biochemical alterations that substances induce in the brain, leading to tolerance, physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms. For instance, repeated use of opioids can cause the brain to stop producing natural endorphins, making it difficult for individuals to feel pleasure without the drug.

In contrast, behavioural addictions, such as gambling, internet use or shopping, do not involve an external chemical agent but rather hinge on the psychological rewards that the behaviours provide. These activities trigger the brain’s reward system, releasing dopamine in similar ways to substances, yet without the physical intake of a drug. This similarity in brain response explains why behaviours can be as compelling and hard to quit as substance use.

While the DSM-V currently recognises only two specific behavioural addictions—gambling disorder and internet gaming disorder—there are several other behavioural addictions widely acknowledged by experts in the field. If you are interested in learning more about these addictions, please explore the details below:

Every behavioural addiction has its own unique variables as to why a person might develop a specific type of behavioural addiction. A general overview suggests that these addictions can begin through the interplay of various factors influencing an individual’s propensity toward them. Understanding these factors provides insight into how behavioural addictions develop and what may predispose someone to such conditions.

Psychological factors

Individuals with mental health conditions like depression or anxiety may use certain behaviours as coping mechanisms, leading to a behavioural addiction. Low self-esteem and poor impulse control can make these individuals more susceptible to addictive behaviours.

Environmental factors

Societal and cultural influences significantly shape behaviours and attitudes toward certain activities. Environments that normalise addictive behaviours, along with stressful life events, can push individuals toward addiction as a form of escapism.

Genetic factors

Genetic predispositions could also play a role. Certain genetic traits can affect how the brain’s reward system responds, making some individuals more vulnerable to addictions. Variations in genes related to dopamine regulation can increase the risk of developing behavioural addictions.

So, what comes first?

Determining what comes first in the development of a behavioural addiction can be complex, as it often involves a combination of these factors.

In many cases, psychological distress or mental health issues might initiate the search for relief through certain behaviours. Once these behaviours provide temporary relief or pleasure, they can become habitual and escalate into addiction.

Exposure to certain environments or cultural norms can spark an interest or engagement in specific activities, which can then become addictive, particularly if there is an underlying genetic predisposition.

Essentially, it is the interaction of these factors—psychological, environmental and genetic—that sets the stage for the development of behavioural addictions.

Having any behavioural addiction can seriously impact nearly all areas of a person’s life. To highlight these issues, below we take a look at some of the key areas of life that an undiagnosed and untreated behavioural addiction can negatively impact:

Mental and emotional health

Behavioural addictions can lead to severe mental health issues. For instance, a gambling addict might experience intense stress, anxiety and depression due to financial losses and the constant need to gamble. Similarly, internet gaming addiction can cause significant emotional distress, leading to feelings of isolation, irritability and mood swings when not playing.

Social relationships

These addictions often strain personal relationships. A shopping addict might hide their purchases and debts from family members, causing trust issues and conflicts. An exercise addict might prioritise their workout routine over spending time with friends and family, leading to social isolation and damaged relationships.

Financial stability

Behavioural addictions like gambling and shopping can have devastating financial consequences. A gambling addict might deplete their savings, incur massive debts or even resort to illegal activities to fund their addiction. Shopping addicts often face similar financial ruin, compulsively buying items they don’t need and can’t afford, leading to severe financial strain.

Academic and professional life

These addictions can also affect academic and professional performance. Internet gaming addiction, for instance, can lead to poor concentration, missed deadlines and declining grades or job performance. The preoccupation with gaming often leads to neglect of responsibilities and opportunities for growth in these areas.

The overall quality of life

Behavioural addictions significantly diminish the overall quality of life. The constant cycle of engaging in addictive behaviour, feeling guilty, facing negative consequences and then seeking the behaviour again can be exhausting and demoralising. This cycle often leads to a diminished sense of self-worth and a pervasive feeling of helplessness.

At UKAT London Clinic, we understand the unique challenges of behavioural addictions and are here to offer specialised help. Unlike alcohol or drug rehab, behavioural addiction treatment does not involve detoxification. Instead, our approach focuses on understanding and addressing the triggers behind your addiction, helping you break free from obsessive thoughts and behaviours.

Behavioural addiction symptoms can manifest as intense urges to engage in certain activities, despite negative consequences. To address these, our treatment programmes include psychoanalytic therapies, the 12-step programme and group therapy. Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) and one-on-one counselling sessions uncover the underlying reasons behind your addictive behaviours, helping you regain control.

The 12-step programme teaches coping mechanisms for difficult emotions, promoting a healthier lifestyle. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) helps identify and change the thought patterns driving your addiction, making it one of the most effective treatments.

Our group therapy and workshops offer a supportive environment to share experiences and learn from others. Recognising behavioural addiction signs early and seeking help at UKAT London Clinic can lead you to a healthier, addiction-free life.